How to Avoid Probate in Vermont

In Vermont, an asset skips probate when title or a beneficiary form already names the person who takes it. That covers a recorded enhanced life estate deed under 27 V.S.A. chapter 6, property retitled into a funded revocable trust, joint ownership with express survivorship words, securities registered in beneficiary form, a payable-on-death bank account, and a vehicle title marked TOD.

Vermont answers the house question and the car question in opposite directions, and a plan copied from another state gets one of them wrong. There is no transfer on death deed for Vermont land. There is transfer on death titling for a Vermont motor vehicle. Both answers are set out below with the sections that say so. Read this as a planning map, and check anything touching your own house or your own family with a licensed Vermont attorney. The Vermont probate guide covers what happens to anything that still reaches the Probate Division.

Vermont Has No Transfer On Death Deed

Start with the sentence that sends the most Vermont families down the wrong path.

Title 27 of the Vermont Statutes carries no Uniform Real Property Transfer on Death Act and no beneficiary deed chapter. What it carries instead is chapter 6, and 27 V.S.A. § 651 names it: "This chapter shall be known as the 'Enhanced Life Estate Deed Act' or the 'ELED Act'." Every section in the chapter closes with the same source line, "(Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020.)"

Advisers in other states call the same document a Lady Bird deed. Florida and Michigan run theirs on common law with no statute behind them. Vermont put its version in the code and supplied an optional form, so "Vermont has no statute for this" is the wrong phrasing. 27 V.S.A. § 659 even preserves deeds signed before the act, naming the Lady Bird deed, the Medicaid deed and the Italian deed among them.

27 V.S.A. § 653 sets the four moving parts. The grantor expressly reserves a common law life estate. The grantor expressly reserves the right to convey the property during life. The grantee takes a contingent remainder and holds no vested rights while the grantor lives. On the grantor's death, title vests in the surviving grantee, subject to encumbrances of record.

Nothing changes while you are alive. 27 V.S.A. § 654 says a validly executed and recorded ELE deed does not affect your ownership rights or your creditors, transfers no present right or interest to the grantee, and does not open your property to the grantee's creditors. Subsection (b) lets you convey the property without joinder by, consent from, agreement of, or notice to the grantee.

Three more rules decide how the deed behaves after signing:

• You can undo it, and the method is prescribed. 27 V.S.A. § 656 lets you revoke or revise with no consent from the grantee. Section 653 spells out how: you revoke by recording a deed from yourself to yourself, and you revise by recording a new ELE deed to a different or additional grantee. Adding a second grantee means naming everyone on the new deed.
• A grantee who dies first can pull the house back into court. 27 V.S.A. § 658 says that where a sole grantee predeceases the grantor, title vests in the heirs of an intestate grantee or passes to that grantee's heirs or beneficiaries as directed by the Probate Division. The deed built to skip probate then routes through it. Name a backup, and say in the deed what happens if a grantee dies first.
• The grantee cannot sell the expectancy. 27 V.S.A. § 655 voids any attempt by a grantee to convey the contingent remainder during the grantor's lifetime. The same section makes the deed effective without acceptance and without consideration.

There is a tax line worth reading before you sign. 27 V.S.A. § 654(d) states flatly that a recorded ELE deed is subject to the property transfer tax under 32 V.S.A. chapter 231. Whether you owe anything then turns on 32 V.S.A. § 9603(5), which exempts transfers between spouses, parent and child or child's spouse, and grandparent and grandchild or grandchild's spouse, made without actual consideration. A deed to a sibling, a niece or a friend is outside that subdivision.

Recording is a town job in Vermont, not a county one. 27 V.S.A. § 341 requires a deed to be signed by the grantor, acknowledged before a notary public, and recorded in full in the clerk's office of the town where the land lies. 27 V.S.A. § 342 is the reason to do it promptly: an unacknowledged, unrecorded conveyance holds the land against nobody but the grantor and the grantor's heirs.

Married Vermonters have one more hurdle, and it stops a deed that looks finished. 27 V.S.A. § 141(a) says a married owner may not convey a homestead or an interest in one unless the spouse joins in the execution and acknowledgment, and a conveyance made without that joinder is inoperative as to the homestead. 27 V.S.A. § 349(a)(2) repeats the rule for tenancy by the entirety and homestead property. Both spouses sign, or the deed does not reach the house you live in.

Work through Vermont's enhanced life estate deed before drafting one, and read Vermont has no transfer on death deed if you arrived here holding a form from another state.

A Vermont Deed To Two People Is A Tenancy In Common

Here is the drafting default that sends Vermont houses to the Probate Division by accident.

27 V.S.A. § 2(a) construes conveyances and devises of land made to two or more people as estates in common and not in joint tenancy, unless the instrument says the grantees take the land jointly, or as joint tenants, or in joint tenancy, or to them and the survivors of them. The section carves out three situations: conveyances made in trust, conveyances made to spouses, and instruments where a joint tenancy manifestly appears from the tenor of the document.

So survivorship on a Vermont deed between people who are not married is a drafting choice. Pull the recorded deed from the town clerk where the land sits and read the granting clause. That five-minute check beats any assumption about how two siblings or two partners hold a camp.

Subsection (b) covers what happens next. An instrument may create a joint tenancy with equal or unequal interests, equal shares are presumed absent contrary language, and on a joint tenant's death that share is allocated among the surviving joint tenants in proportion to their existing joint interests.

Survivorship carries a price while everyone is alive. Adding a co-owner to a deed hands that person present rights in the property and exposes it to their creditors and their divorce. An enhanced life estate deed usually does the same job with less exposure, because § 654 keeps the grantee's interest out of reach until you die.

Revocable Living Trusts Under The Vermont Trust Code

A revocable living trust holds property during your life and passes it to named beneficiaries at death with no court file. You stay in control as trustee, and a successor trustee steps in when you die or lose capacity.

Vermont adopted the Uniform Trust Code. 14A V.S.A. § 101 is one line: "This title may be cited as the Vermont Trust Code," added by 2009, No. 20, § 1. 14A V.S.A. § 602(a) makes a trust revocable unless its terms expressly say otherwise, and subsection (c) lets you revoke or amend by the method the trust names, by a later will or codicil that expressly refers to the trust, or by any method showing clear and convincing evidence of your intent.

Two subsections matter for anyone planning around incapacity. Under § 602(e), an agent under a power of attorney may revoke, amend or distribute trust property only where the trust terms or the power expressly authorize it. Under § 602(f), a guardian may do the same only with the approval of the Probate Division supervising the guardianship.

Funding is where these plans fail. A trust keeps out of probate only the property you actually retitle into it, so the deed has to be signed, acknowledged and recorded with the town clerk, and the accounts have to be moved. An unfunded trust in a drawer changes nothing.

One Vermont caveat belongs in every trust conversation. 14A V.S.A. § 505(a)(3) says that after the settlor dies, property of a trust that was revocable at death answers the settlor's creditors, the costs of administering the estate, funeral and disposal expenses, and statutory allowances to a surviving spouse and children, to the extent the probate estate cannot cover them. A revocable trust is a probate-avoidance tool, not a creditor shield. The Vermont revocable living trust guide walks through the drafting and funding steps.

Beneficiary Forms Do Most Of The Work

Beneficiary designations are the cheapest avoidance in the state. They cost nothing and take one form.

Securities and brokerage accounts. Vermont's Transfer on Death Security Registration act is 9 V.S.A. chapter 134. 9 V.S.A. § 4352 allows beneficiary-form registration only where the security shows sole ownership by one individual, or multiple ownership by two or more with right of survivorship rather than as tenants in common. 9 V.S.A. § 4356 says the TOD designation has no effect on ownership until the owner dies, and any sole or surviving owner may cancel or change it without the beneficiary's consent. 9 V.S.A. § 4357 then passes ownership to the beneficiaries who survive all owners, holds multiple survivors as tenants in common until the security is divided, and sends the security to the estate if no beneficiary survives. Name a backup today.

Bank accounts. Vermont writes both common forms into statute. 8 V.S.A. § 14204 covers a deposit in two or more names payable to any one of them or to the survivors, and treats the words "payable to either or to the survivor" in the account order as conclusive evidence of an absolute joint account, subject to proof of fraud, undue influence or incapacity. 8 V.S.A. § 14205 covers payable-on-death accounts, vests the remaining balance in the surviving P.O.D. payees at the last account holder's death, and lets the bank pay them 90 days later. Ask which form your bank has opened on each account, get the answer in writing, and keep it.

Retirement accounts and life insurance. These pass by the form on file with the plan or the insurer, not by your will. The form controls even where the will reads differently, so review every designation after a marriage, a divorce, a birth or a death, and name a contingent beneficiary. A blank or stale form is the most common reason these accounts land in probate by accident.

Vermont Vehicles Answer The Opposite Way

The car question has the answer the land question does not, and this is the pairing a copied plan gets backwards.

23 V.S.A. § 2023(a)(5) lists TOD, transfer on death, among the ownership designations a Vermont certificate of title may carry. Subsection (f) is the operative rule: where the title identifies a person who becomes the owner on the death of the principal owner, the principal owner keeps every right of ownership and transfer until death, the designated transferee holds no ownership rights until the principal owner has died as established by a valid death certificate, and the transferee then takes the vehicle subject to existing security interests.

The Department of Motor Vehicles administers this without a court. Its Death of Owner page lists what it wants where a vehicle is "titled to deceased only and ownership states Transfer on Death 'TOD'", and the answer is a copy of the death certificate. The designation goes on with form VT-007, Transfer on Death, whose own text limits the tool: transfer on death applies to vehicles registered or titled to one owner.

Married couples get a second route that needs no planning at all. 23 V.S.A. § 2023(e) passes title automatically to a surviving spouse where an intestate estate consists principally of an automobile, and subdivision (e)(1) does the same where a will or other testamentary document says nothing about the disposition of motor vehicles. The Department registers and titles the vehicle in the spouse's name with no fee, and the transaction is exempt from the purchase and use tax. Subdivision (e)(2) caps it at two motor vehicles and shuts it off where the vehicle is titled in the name of someone other than the decedent and the spouse.

Boats and off-road machines are outside all of this. 23 V.S.A. § 3816(a) governs a vessel, snowmobile or all-terrain vehicle held by more than one owner and lists only four designations: TEN ENT, JTEN, TEN COM and PTNRS. There is no TOD subdivision. Vermont gives you transfer on death for a car, none for a boat, and none for land.

Simplified Probate Is Not Probate Avoidance

Two Vermont routes get sold as shortcuts around probate. Both are court proceedings, and both open a real estate file.

Small estate, 14 V.S.A. chapter 81. 14 V.S.A. § 1901(a) applies where a decedent's estate has a fair market value of not more than $45,000.00 and consists entirely of personal property, allowing a time-share estate under 32 V.S.A. § 3619(a). Commencing one means filing a petition, a list of interested persons, the filing fee, an original death certificate, an inventory, an affidavit of funeral expenses and known debts, a bond without surety, and the will. Subsection (c) forces a move to full administration if the estate turns out to exceed $45,000.00.

Waiver of administration, 14 V.S.A. chapter 80. 14 V.S.A. § 1851 applies it to every estate other than a small estate, so it is not measured in dollars at all. 14 V.S.A. § 1852 asks the moving party to swear they are the sole beneficiary under the will or the sole heir of an intestate decedent, that they are the sole fiduciary, and that the decedent owned no real property in the State of Vermont. The order waives the inventory, waives or discharges the bond, and dispenses with further filings other than the final affidavit of administration.

Read the two eligibility tests together and the planning point appears. A Vermont estate that holds real property cannot reach either route, because the small estate must be all personal property and the waiver requires no Vermont real estate. That is the strongest argument for handling the house during life.

Neither route is a discount. 32 V.S.A. § 1434(a) sets one statewide entry fee schedule banded by estate value, starting at $50.00 for estates of $10,000.00 or less and $110.00 for estates over $10,000.00 up to $50,000.00, and it carries no small estate line. The $45,000.00 ceiling sits inside the second band, so a small estate pays the ordinary band fee. It saves process, not money. The Vermont small estate rules page compares the routes side by side.

What Avoidance Does Not Buy

Moving assets out of probate settles who receives them. It does not settle everything else.

Debts survive the plan, and skipping court can extend them. 14 V.S.A. § 1203(a)(1) bars claims that arose before death unless presented within four months after the date of first publication of notice to creditors. Subsection (a)(2) gives creditors one year after death where notice was never published or otherwise given. A family that never opens an estate never starts the four-month clock and lives with the twelve-month one. Vermont Medicaid sits outside subsection (a) entirely and gets its own four-month rule at subsection (d).

Beneficiaries can be asked to pay the estate back. 9 V.S.A. § 4359(b) makes a securities beneficiary liable to the probate estate for allowed claims and statutory allowances where the estate is insufficient, capped at what the beneficiary received, enforceable in the Probate Division, and subsection (g) gives one year after death to bring the proceeding. 8 V.S.A. § 14205(c) does the same for a payable-on-death payee and allows two years. 14A V.S.A. § 505(a)(3) reaches trust property that was revocable at death. Vermont built the clawback into three separate acts.

A spouse's share shrinks with the probate estate. 14 V.S.A. § 319(a) lets a surviving spouse elect one-half of the balance of the probate estate after allowances, claims and expenses. Property that never enters probate is outside that base. The election is filed within four months of the later of service of the notice of rights or service of the inventory.

Estate tax does not follow the probate line. 32 V.S.A. § 7442a imposes no tax under $5,000,000.00 and 16 percent of the excess over $5,000,000.00 above it, applied to the Vermont taxable estate. 32 V.S.A. § 7402 defines that term as the federal taxable estate, and defines the Vermont gross estate as the federal gross estate excluding property with a situs outside Vermont. Both are federal concepts, so keeping an asset out of the Probate Division does nothing to the tax. The Vermont estate tax question guide covers the filing side.

Doing nothing has its own deadline. 14 V.S.A. § 1801 covers real estate whose record title still stands in the name of a person dead more than seven years where the estate was never probated and the heirs' interest was never conveyed or was defectively conveyed. Clearing it takes a verified petition to the Probate Division, notice and a hearing, and § 1434(a)(22) prices that filing at $100.00. Families who plan to sell should read the selling inherited Vermont real estate guide before listing anything.

Documents For The Years Before A Death

Keeping assets out of probate answers what happens after you die. Three documents cover the years before it.

A durable Vermont power of attorney under 14 V.S.A. chapter 127 lets an agent handle your money and property if you cannot, which heads off a court-appointed guardianship over your estate. Read 14 V.S.A. § 4031(a) before you sign a form: an agent may create or change rights of survivorship, create or change a beneficiary designation, and convey or revise a grantee designation by enhanced life estate deed only where the power of attorney expressly grants that authority. A general power will not reach any of the three.

A Vermont advance directive under 18 V.S.A. chapter 231 names a health care agent and records your treatment instructions in one document. Vermont asks for two witnesses at least 18 years old and no notary, which is the reverse of what most people expect.

Both documents exist so a court does not have to appoint someone for you. Vermont treats guardianship as the last resort, and the Judiciary asks petitioners to weigh less restrictive alternatives first.

Online accounts are the asset class most plans skip. 14 V.S.A. § 3551 names the Vermont Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act, and 14 V.S.A. § 4031(a)(8) ties an agent's authority over electronic communications back to that chapter. The Vermont digital assets guide covers the express authority your documents need.

A Vermont Checklist

A workable Vermont list is short and mostly free:

1. Pull the recorded deed from your town clerk and read the granting clause against 27 V.S.A. § 2. Do not assume survivorship words are there.
2. Decide between an enhanced life estate deed and a funded revocable trust for the house, and sign, acknowledge and record whichever you choose.
3. If you are married, get both signatures on any deed touching the homestead, per 27 V.S.A. § 141(a).
4. Name a backup grantee on an ELE deed, because 27 V.S.A. § 658 routes a predeceased grantee's share back through the Probate Division.
5. Budget for the property transfer tax on the deed under 27 V.S.A. § 654(d), and check whether 32 V.S.A. § 9603(5) covers your grantee.
6. Register brokerage accounts in beneficiary form under 9 V.S.A. chapter 134, and name a contingent beneficiary there too.
7. Confirm in writing which form your bank has opened on each account, joint or payable-on-death.
8. Review the beneficiary designation on every retirement account and insurance policy after any family change.
9. Ask the Department of Motor Vehicles about a TOD designation on form VT-007 if the car is titled to you alone.
10. Sign a durable power of attorney with the express grants at 14 V.S.A. § 4031(a), an advance directive, and digital-asset authority while you have capacity.

No arrangement moves every asset for every family, and unpaid debts outlive the paperwork. Where a house, a blended family, a larger estate, Medicaid, or a likely dispute is in the picture, sit down with a licensed Vermont attorney before you sign or record anything.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Vermont have a transfer on death deed?

No. Title 27 of the Vermont Statutes contains no transfer on death or beneficiary deed chapter. Vermont's real property death transfer instrument is the enhanced life estate deed under 27 V.S.A. chapter 6, the Enhanced Life Estate Deed Act, added by 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, effective July 13, 2020. Other states call the same document a Lady Bird deed. Florida and Michigan run theirs on common law, while Vermont wrote its version into the statutes and supplied an optional form at 27 V.S.A. § 660.

What is a Vermont enhanced life estate deed?

27 V.S.A. § 653 defines it as a deed in which the grantor reserves a common law life estate and the express right to convey the property during life, the grantee takes a contingent remainder with no vested rights before the grantor dies, and title vests in the surviving grantee at the grantor's death. 27 V.S.A. § 654 says the deed does not affect the grantor's ownership, transfers no present interest, and does not expose the property to the grantee's creditors. 27 V.S.A. § 656 lets the grantor revoke or revise it without the grantee's consent.

Does a Vermont deed to two people carry a right of survivorship?

Only if the deed says so. 27 V.S.A. § 2(a) construes conveyances and devises to two or more people as estates in common and not in joint tenancy, unless the instrument states the grantees take jointly, as joint tenants, in joint tenancy, or to them and the survivors of them. That default does not apply to conveyances made in trust or made to spouses, or where a joint tenancy manifestly appears from the tenor of the instrument.

Can a Vermont car pass without probate?

Yes, in two ways. 23 V.S.A. § 2023(a)(5) lets a Vermont title carry a TOD designation, and § 2023(f) gives the principal owner every ownership right until death, after which the named transferee becomes the owner on proof of a valid death certificate. The Department of Motor Vehicles administers this on form VT-007 and asks only for a copy of the death certificate. Section 2023(e) separately passes up to two motor vehicles to a surviving spouse with no fee and no purchase and use tax where a will does not address vehicles.

Does avoiding probate cut off Vermont creditors?

No. 14 V.S.A. § 1203(a)(1) bars claims not presented within four months of the first publication of notice to creditors, and § 1203(a)(2) gives one year from death where no notice was published, so a family that never opens an estate never starts the shorter clock. 8 V.S.A. § 14205(c) makes a payable-on-death payee liable to the personal representative for unpaid debts and expenses for two years, 9 V.S.A. § 4359(b) does the same for a securities beneficiary for one year, and 14A V.S.A. § 505(a)(3) reaches a trust that was revocable at death.

This page is general information about Vermont estates. Check anything affecting your own situation with the Probate Division for your county, the clerk of the town where your land sits, or a licensed Vermont attorney.

Sources:

• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 651, Short title (Enhanced Life Estate Deed Act). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00651
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 653, Definitions. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00653
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 654, Execution and recording of an enhanced life estate deed. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; amended 2021, No. 179 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. January 1, 2022. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00654
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 655, Acceptance or consideration not required; conveyance not permitted. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00655
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 656, Revocation; revision; mortgages. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00656
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 658, Death of grantee prior to death of grantor. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00658
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 659, Previously executed and recorded enhanced life estate deeds. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00659
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 660, Optional form for enhanced life estate deed. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2019, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 13, 2020. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/006/00660
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 2, Estate in common preferred to joint tenancy; joint tenancy with unequal shares. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2003, No. 150 (Adj. Sess.), § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/001/00002
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 341, Requirements generally; recording. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2023, No. 6, § 323, eff. July 1, 2023. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/005/00341
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 342, Acknowledgment and recording required. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2017, No. 160 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. July 1, 2019. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/005/00342
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 349, Conveyance to grantor and others. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2023, No. 161 (Adj. Sess.), § 23, eff. June 6, 2024. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/005/00349
• Title: 27 V.S.A. § 141, Execution and acknowledgment of conveyance. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Not listed. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/27/003/00141
• Title: 14A V.S.A. § 101, Short title (Vermont Trust Code). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2009, No. 20, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14A/001/00101
• Title: 14A V.S.A. § 505, Creditor's claim against settlor. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2009, No. 20, § 1; amended 2025, No. 7, § 1, eff. April 24, 2025. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14A/005/00505
• Title: 14A V.S.A. § 602, Revocation or amendment of revocable trust. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2009, No. 20, § 1; amended 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 236, eff. February 1, 2011. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14A/006/00602
• Title: 9 V.S.A. § 4352, Registration in beneficiary form; sole or joint tenancy ownership. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 23, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/134/04352
• Title: 9 V.S.A. § 4356, Effect of registration in beneficiary form. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 23, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/134/04356
• Title: 9 V.S.A. § 4357, Ownership on death of owner. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 23, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/134/04357
• Title: 9 V.S.A. § 4359, Nontestamentary transfer on death. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 23, § 1; amended 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 238a, eff. Feb. 1, 2011. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/134/04359
• Title: 8 V.S.A. § 14204, Joint deposits. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 153 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 2001; amended 2021, No. 105 (Adj. Sess.), § 294, eff. July 1, 2022. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/08/204/14204
• Title: 8 V.S.A. § 14205, Payable on death accounts. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 1999, No. 153 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 2001; amended 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 238a, eff. Feb. 1, 2011. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/08/204/14205
• Title: 23 V.S.A. § 2023, Transfer of interest in vehicle. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2023, No. 85 (Adj. Sess.), § 299, eff. July 1, 2024. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/021/02023
• Title: 23 V.S.A. § 3816, Transfer of interest in vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Not listed. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/036/03816
• Title: Death of Owner, Requirements to Re-title/Register a Vehicle upon Death of Owner. Publisher: Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles. Publication Date: Not listed. URL: https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/death-of-owner
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 1901, Commencement of small estate. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2019, No. 36, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/081/01901
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 1851, Applicability (waiver of administration). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2017, No. 195 (Adj. Sess.), § 12. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/080/01851
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 1852, Motion for waiver of administration; order. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2017, No. 195 (Adj. Sess.), § 12. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/080/01852
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 1203, Limitations on presentation of claims. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2023, No. 113 (Adj. Sess.), § E.307.1, eff. July 1, 2024. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/066/01203
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 319, Elective share of surviving spouse; notice of rights. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2009, No. 55, § 5, eff. June 1, 2009; amended 2017, No. 195 (Adj. Sess.), § 3. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/042/00319
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 1801, Title in deceased persons; petition to Probate Division of the Superior Court. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2017, No. 195 (Adj. Sess.), § 11. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/079/01801
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 3551, Short title (Vermont Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2017, No. 13, § 1. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/125/03551
• Title: 14 V.S.A. § 4031, Authority that requires specific grant; grant of general authority. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Added 2023, No. 60, § 1, eff. July 1, 2023. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/127/04031
• Title: 32 V.S.A. § 1434, Probate cases. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2021, No. 65, § 8, eff. June 7, 2021. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/017/01434
• Title: 32 V.S.A. § 7442a, Imposition of a Vermont estate tax and rate of tax. Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Amended 2019, No. 71, § 6, eff. Jan. 1, 2021. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/190/07442a
• Title: 32 V.S.A. § 7402, Definitions (estate and gift taxes). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Not listed. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/190/07402
• Title: 32 V.S.A. § 9603, Exemptions (property transfer tax). Publisher: Vermont General Assembly, Vermont Statutes Online. Publication Date: Not listed. URL: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/231/09603

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